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优化Windows PC的音频
本帖最后由 zjb111 于 18-8-4 13:11 编辑
在Prismsound官网看到的一篇关于优化Windows PC音频的文章，与PCHIFI同好分享，个人英语水平较差，大体翻译一下吧，不准确的地方请纠正。
Windows is amultitasking operating system. It can run many applications simultaneously byprocessing each in turn for short intervals. However, it is not a real-timeoperating system, so there is no guarantee that any particular task will beprocessed in any given time interval. This is a problem for audio applicationswhich must handle audio signals at the soundcard's sample rate.
Windows is a multitasking operatingsystem. It can run many applications simultaneously by processing each in turnfor short intervals. However, it is not a real-time operating system, so thereis no guarantee that any particular task will be processed in any given timeinterval. This is a problem for audio applications which must handle audiosignals at the soundcard's sample rate.Windows是一个多任务操作系统。它可以同时运行多个应用程序，依次处理每一个短的时间间隔。然而，它不是实时操作系统，因此不能保证在任何给定的时间间隔内处理任何特定的任务。这是一个音频应用的问题，它必须处理声卡的采样率的音频信号。
Audio applicationsbuffer digital audio signals in blocks of memory that hold many samples of theaudio signal. When playing audio, the application passes each buffer in turn tothe DAC which then empties it one sample at a time. The application must ensurethat each new buffer is available before the DAC has finished the previous one,or else there will be a drop-out in the audio stream. Similarly, in the recorddirection, the ADC fills up each buffer, one sample at a time, at thesoundcard's sample rate. The audio application must have processed each bufferbefore the next one is filled.
音频应用在存储许多音频信号样本的存储器块中缓冲数字音频信号。当播放音频时，应用程序将每个缓冲区依次传递给DAC，然后逐一清空一个样本。应用程序必须确保每个新的缓冲区在DAC完成前一个之前可用，否则将在音频流中出现一个漏失点。类似地，在记录方向上，ADC填充每个缓冲器，每次一个样本，在声卡的采样率上。音频应用程序必须在填充下一个缓冲区之前对每个缓冲区进行处理
Making it work让它工作
In order to makesure that we can get audio through without interruptions, we need to know howfast the computer can process the data - this is where DPC latency comes in. ADeferred Procedure Call (DPC) is a mechanism used by Windows for performingurgent critical tasks in the kernel. Ordinary windows processes, such as DAWs（digital audioworkstation 数字音频工作站） or ASIO drivers, are locked out whenever a DPC need to run.
为了确保我们能够在没有中断的情况下通过音频，我们需要知道计算机能处理多快的数据，这就是DPC延迟的所在。延迟过程调用（DPC）是Windows用于在内核中执行紧急关键任务的一种机制。普通Windows进程，如DAWS或ASIO驱动程序，每当需要运行DPC时都会被锁定。
Windows itselfmakes sure that all its DPC tasks can run very quickly in order to protectapplications such as those which stream media. However, third-party devicedrivers, which also need DPCs, are notoriously inattentive to this need. Thecombined effect of all driver and system DPC tasks can be measured as the DPClatency of the system. Low DPC latency will result in a system which is lesslikely to cause errors in the audio. In practice we are looking for the DPClatency to be consistently well below 1ms (1000µs) to avoid audio glitches.Note that it is the worst-case duration of an individual DPC which interestsus, not any sort of average, since a single long DPC can cause an audibledrop-out.
Windows本身确保所有的DPC任务可以运行得非常快，以保护应用程序（如流媒体）。然而，第三方设备驱动程序，也需要DPC，是众所周知的疏忽这一需求。所有驱动器和系统DPC任务的组合效应可以被测量为系统的DPC延迟。低DPC延迟将导致系统不太可能导致音频中的错误。在实践中，我们正在寻找的DPC延迟一致低于1ms（1000秒），以避免音频故障。请注意，这是一个个人DPC的最坏情况持续时间，我们感兴趣，而不是任何类型的平均值，因为一个长DPC会导致音频下降。
Measuring DPC latency 测量DPC延迟期
在Prismsound官网看到的一篇关于优化Windows PC音频的文章，与PCHIFI同好分享，个人英语水平较差，大体翻译一下吧，不准确的地方请纠正。
Optimizingyour Windows PC for audio优化WindowsPC音频
The causes of glitches毛刺的原因Windows is amultitasking operating system. It can run many applications simultaneously byprocessing each in turn for short intervals. However, it is not a real-timeoperating system, so there is no guarantee that any particular task will beprocessed in any given time interval. This is a problem for audio applicationswhich must handle audio signals at the soundcard's sample rate.
Windows is a multitasking operatingsystem. It can run many applications simultaneously by processing each in turnfor short intervals. However, it is not a real-time operating system, so thereis no guarantee that any particular task will be processed in any given timeinterval. This is a problem for audio applications which must handle audiosignals at the soundcard's sample rate.Windows是一个多任务操作系统。它可以同时运行多个应用程序，依次处理每一个短的时间间隔。然而，它不是实时操作系统，因此不能保证在任何给定的时间间隔内处理任何特定的任务。这是一个音频应用的问题，它必须处理声卡的采样率的音频信号。
Audio applicationsbuffer digital audio signals in blocks of memory that hold many samples of theaudio signal. When playing audio, the application passes each buffer in turn tothe DAC which then empties it one sample at a time. The application must ensurethat each new buffer is available before the DAC has finished the previous one,or else there will be a drop-out in the audio stream. Similarly, in the recorddirection, the ADC fills up each buffer, one sample at a time, at thesoundcard's sample rate. The audio application must have processed each bufferbefore the next one is filled.
音频应用在存储许多音频信号样本的存储器块中缓冲数字音频信号。当播放音频时，应用程序将每个缓冲区依次传递给DAC，然后逐一清空一个样本。应用程序必须确保每个新的缓冲区在DAC完成前一个之前可用，否则将在音频流中出现一个漏失点。类似地，在记录方向上，ADC填充每个缓冲器，每次一个样本，在声卡的采样率上。音频应用程序必须在填充下一个缓冲区之前对每个缓冲区进行处理
Multitaskingoperating systems work better with larger buffers, because there is more timefor the processor to handle other system tasks between servicing the buffersand hence less chance of a glitch.
多任务操作系统在较大的缓冲区中工作得更好，因为处理器在处理缓冲器之间有更多的时间来处理其他系统任务，从而减少了故障的可能性。The trade-off isaudio latency; the larger the buffer is, the longer it takes an audio signal tomake its way to or from the soundcard. This does not matter when simply playingback or recording audio, but it becomes an issue when you must do the twotogether, for example when overdubbing in a DAW. In these cases, you may needto optimize your system.
妥协的办法是音频延迟；缓冲器越大，音频信号越长或越接近声卡。当简单地播放或录制音频时，这无关紧要，但是当你必须把这两个放在一起时，这就成为一个问题，例如在数字音频工作站中进行配音。在这些情况下，您可能需要优化系统。Making it work让它工作
In order to makesure that we can get audio through without interruptions, we need to know howfast the computer can process the data - this is where DPC latency comes in. ADeferred Procedure Call (DPC) is a mechanism used by Windows for performingurgent critical tasks in the kernel. Ordinary windows processes, such as DAWs（digital audioworkstation 数字音频工作站） or ASIO drivers, are locked out whenever a DPC need to run.
为了确保我们能够在没有中断的情况下通过音频，我们需要知道计算机能处理多快的数据，这就是DPC延迟的所在。延迟过程调用（DPC）是Windows用于在内核中执行紧急关键任务的一种机制。普通Windows进程，如DAWS或ASIO驱动程序，每当需要运行DPC时都会被锁定。
Windows itselfmakes sure that all its DPC tasks can run very quickly in order to protectapplications such as those which stream media. However, third-party devicedrivers, which also need DPCs, are notoriously inattentive to this need. Thecombined effect of all driver and system DPC tasks can be measured as the DPClatency of the system. Low DPC latency will result in a system which is lesslikely to cause errors in the audio. In practice we are looking for the DPClatency to be consistently well below 1ms (1000µs) to avoid audio glitches.Note that it is the worst-case duration of an individual DPC which interestsus, not any sort of average, since a single long DPC can cause an audibledrop-out.
Windows本身确保所有的DPC任务可以运行得非常快，以保护应用程序（如流媒体）。然而，第三方设备驱动程序，也需要DPC，是众所周知的疏忽这一需求。所有驱动器和系统DPC任务的组合效应可以被测量为系统的DPC延迟。低DPC延迟将导致系统不太可能导致音频中的错误。在实践中，我们正在寻找的DPC延迟一致低于1ms（1000秒），以避免音频故障。请注意，这是一个个人DPC的最坏情况持续时间，我们感兴趣，而不是任何类型的平均值，因为一个长DPC会导致音频下降。
Measuring DPC latency 测量DPC延迟期
A number of freetools are available to measure DPC latency. The DPC latency checker by Thesyconis free for non-commercial use but (as of May 2013) doesn't yet work withWindows 8. Another one that does work with Windows 8 is LatencyMon by Resplendence(Vista and later, free home and paid pro versions). Both of these can tell youthe level of latency you are experiencing.
许多免费工具可用于测量DPC延迟。Thesycon DPC延迟检查软件免费用于非商业用途，但是（截至2013年5月）还没有与Windows 8一起使用。另一个能与Windows8一起工作的是LatencyMon（Vista和后来的免费家庭和付费PRO版本）。这两个都可以告诉你正在经历的等待时间。Screen-shots of Thesycon Latency Check showing bad DPC latency (left) and good DPC latency (right)
屏幕截图显示Thesycon延迟检查不良的DPC延迟（左）和良好的DPC潜伏期（右）
The red lines in the left screen shot above indicate periods when the DPC latency went too high. These are usually caused by device drivers taking too long with their DPCs.
上面的左边屏幕上的红线表示DPC延迟太高的周期。这些通常是由于设备驱动程序占用DPC太长时间造成的。
Finding and fixing problem drivers查找和修复驱动的问题
Finding the problematic drivers is much easier in Windows Vista and later since there are tools to point you in the right direction. In most cases LatencyMon will find the drivers responsible for the delays. There is also the Microsoft Windows Performance Analyzer from the Windows Assessment and Deployment Kit which is available free from Microsoft which has some useful tools (Windows Vista, 7 and 8). In particular the DPC CPU Usage Summary Table, which can be sorted by duration to bring the main culprits to the top. See the Sysnative DPC latency tutorial for information on installing and running this.
在Windows Vista中找到有问题的驱动程序要容易得多，以后会有工具指向正确的方向。在大多数情况下，latencymon会发现负责延误的驱动。还有来自Windows评估和部署工具包的微软Windows性能分析器，它可以从微软免费获得，它有一些有用的工具（Windows Vista，7和8）。特别是DPC CPU使用汇总表，它可以按持续时间排序，将主要罪魁祸首带到顶端。有关安装和运行此信息，请参阅SypDual DPC延迟教程。
For Windows XP you will need to experiment by disabling different drivers one at a time using Device Manager and checking to see if the latency problems have improved.
对于WindowsXP，您需要通过使用设备管理器一次禁用不同的驱动程序来测试，以查看延迟问题是否得到改善。
WARNING: disabling some devices will render your system unusable. Only disable those devices you KNOW you can do without and which other devices are not depending on. If in doubt, don't.
警告：禁用某些设备将使系统无法使用。只有禁用这些设备，你知道你可以做没有，哪些其他设备不依赖于。如果有疑问，不要禁用。
Disable drivers by going to "Control Panel" → "System" → "Hardware" → "Device Manager" right click the device and select "Properties". At the bottom of the "General" tab is a "Device usage" drop-list. Set this to "Do not use this device (disable)" to test whether this device is the problem. Once you know what drivers are causing the problems, you need to work out what can be done about it. The first course of action is to find updated drivers and re-test. Next, look for work-arounds (different settings etc.), and thirdly, (if practical) removing the offending item or leave it disabled. Anecdotal and scant hard data suggests that the main suspects are often the motherboard chipset drivers (update, but don't disable), WLAN/WIFI cards, network cards, modems, USB devices and internal sound cards although power management also seems to be a source of grief.
禁用驱动去“控制面板”→“系统”→“硬件”→“设备管理器”上单击鼠标右键，选择“属性”的装置。底部的“常规”选项卡的“设备使用”下拉列表。将此设置为“不要使用这个设备（禁用）”来测试这个设备是否是问题。一旦你知道司机是如何引起问题的，你需要找出解决问题的办法。第一步的行动是找到更新的驱动程序和重新测试。下一步，寻找工作（不同设置等），第三，（如果实用）删除违规项目或使其禁用。轶事和很少的硬数据表明，主要的犯罪嫌疑人往往是主板芯片组驱动程序（更新，但不禁用），WLAN/WiFi卡，网卡，调制解调器，USB设备和内部声卡，虽然电源管理也似乎是一个悲痛的来源。
Further ways to optimize your PC 进一步优化PC机的方法
The other half of the battle with helping your computer to be able to cope is to tune it for audio and reduce its work-load. If you are experiencing problems, the table below is a list of things you can try. Not all will be applicable to all systems, and even those that are applicable may not help. Please treat each with caution and satisfy yourself that what you are doing is sensible in your particular usage scenario. We have not attempted to give detailed instructions or tutorials for these, but just a pointer to get you started and some ideas that you might like to research. At the bottom of the page are some useful links. Please also note that things change: some of the suggestions made here will soon be out of date and some refer to problems with older versions of Windows/drivers/programs that have already been fixed in current versions.
另一方面，帮助你的计算机应付的战斗是调整它的音频和减少它的工作量。如果你遇到问题，下表是你可以尝试的事情清单。不是所有的都适用于所有的系统，甚至那些适用的也没有帮助。请谨慎对待每一步，让自己确信在特定的使用场景中，你所做的是明智的。我们没有试图给出详细的说明或教程，但只是一个指导，让你开始和一些想法，你可能想研究。页面底部是一些有用的链接。还请注意，事情发生了变化：这里提出的一些建议很快就会过时，有些是指旧版本的Windows /驱动程序/程序已经存在于当前版本中的问题。
Things to try 尝试的东西
- Increase the buffer size 增加缓冲区尺寸
You can control the buffer delays within the Windows drivers directly, irrespective of what buffering is employed by the particular audio software. It is generally recommended that these buffer delays are set long, in order to provide best stability. However, for the user with a powerful and tightly-optimized setup, who has contained audio processing tasks and needs low latency, the buffer delay can be minimized. For more information, see the manual for your unit. For a detailed discussion specific to Prism Sound Lyra, Titan and Atlas units, see also this technical note on buffer settings in Windows USB drivers.
您可以直接控制Windows驱动程序中的缓冲区延迟，而不管特定音频软件采用什么缓冲。通常建议这些缓冲器延迟设置得长，以便提供最佳的稳定性。然而，对于具有强大且紧密优化的设置的用户，谁已经包含音频处理任务并且需要低延迟，可以最小化缓冲器延迟。有关更多信息，请参见您的单元手册。有关Prism Sound Lyra, Titan and Atlas的详细讨论，请参阅Windows USB驱动程序中关于缓冲区设置的技术说明。
- Bypass the computer hardware where possible在可能的情况下绕过计算机硬件
For foldback and over-dubbing situations, your equipment (e.g., Lyra, Orpheus) may have a mixer capability which can mix the unit's inputs with each output's computer feed in order to build a dedicated monitor mix with extremely low latency. Incoming audio to the mix doesn't have to go in and out of the computer at all - the mix is handled within the unit's hardware itself.
对于监听和配音的情况，您的设备（例如，Lyra，Orpheus）可能具有混音能力，可以将单元的输入与每个输出的计算机馈送混合，以便构建具有极低延迟的专用监视器混合。进入混音的音频根本不需要进入和退出计算机-混音在单位硬件本身内处理。
- Make sure you have enough RAM 请确保您有足够的RAM
Nothing kills a computer's speed quite like running out of memory and having to access the swap file. Making sure you have enough RAM is essential. Don't worry if recent operating systems seem to want to use it all: this is usually a good thing - it means it has loaded the DLLs you are likely to want into memory so they are available fast without having to read them off disk. Unused RAM is wasted RAM - if the system suddenly finds itself needing more it just drops something it has pre-emptively loaded with very little time penalty.
没有什么能像内存耗尽和访问交换文件一样减慢计算机的速度。确保你有足够的RAM是必不可少的。不要担心，如果最近的操作系统似乎都想使用它：这通常是一件好事——这意味着它已经加载了你可能想要进入内存的DLL，这样它们就可以快速地获得，而不必在磁盘上读取它们。未使用的RAM是浪费的RAM -如果系统突然发现自己需要更多的话，它只会丢弃一些它预先加载的非常小的时间损失。
- Set "Processor Scheduling" to "Background Services" 设置“处理器调度”到“后台服务”
This is a Windows setting. It is accessed via "Control Panel" → "System" → "Advanced" → "Performance Settings" → "Advanced" → "Background Services"
这是一个Windows设置。它是通过“控制面板”→“系统”→“高级”→”性能设置”→“高级”→“后台服务”
The reasoning is that setting the processor scheduling to "Background Services" makes the CPU scheduler gives more priority to tasks that are going on in the background (including audio processes such as ASIO) at the expense of foreground threads.
其理由是，将处理器调度设置为“后台服务”使得CPU调度器在后台（包括音频处理，例如ASIO）中花费更多的优先权，而以前台线程为代价。
- Check the computer's power management scheme 检查电脑的电源管理方案
Primarily for laptops running on batteries, Windows can slow the processor to conserve power. For audio, we don't want this. For preference, run with a power supply, but if not, then check that the power scheme allows the processor full rein. "Control Panel" → "Power Options" → "High Performance" (terminology may vary with different versions of Windows). While in here, it's worth making sure the computer can't shut down the hard disks or the monitor.
主要是在电池上运行的笔记本电脑，Windows可以减缓处理器节省电力。对于音频，我们不想要这个。优选地，用电源运行，但如果没有，则检查电源方案允许处理器完全控制。”控制面板“→“电源选项”→“高性能”（术语可能与Windows的不同版本不同）。而在这里，它是为了确保计算机不能关闭硬盘或监视器。
Disable USB Selective Suspend: Windows can selectively suspend USB devices to save power but this can cause problems for USB audio devices. This setting is in "Control Panel" → "Power Options" → Advanced Settings → "USB Settings" → USB Selective Suspend. In XP the same thing is achieved by going to "Device Manager" → "Universal Serial Bus Controllers" and opening the Properties of each "USB Root Hub", going to the "Power Management" tab and turning off the option to "Allow the computer to turn off this device to save power".
禁用USB选择性挂起：Windows可以选择性地暂停USB设备，以节省电力，但这可能会导致问题的USB音频设备。此设置是在“控制面板”→“电源选项”→高级设置→“USB设置”→USB选择性暂停。在XP一样是通过将“设备管理器”→“通用串行总线控制器”打开每个““USB Root Hub”的属性，进入“电源管理”选项卡，关闭“允许计算机关闭该设备以节省电力”的选项来实现同样的目标。
One device known to cause problems with DPC latency is "Microsoft ACPI-Compliant Control Method Battery" which can be disabled in the "Batteries" section in "Device Manager". This can have side effects so best to read up on it first.
一个已知的导致DPC延迟问题的设备是“微软ACPI兼容的控制电池方法”，它可以在“设备管理器”的“电池”部分中被禁用。这可能有副作用，所以最好先阅读它。
- Turn off wireless networking and Bluetooth 关闭无线网络和蓝牙
Wireless networking is a notorious source of problems with DPC latency (see above), Bluetooth not so much so, but if you're not using it, why have it loaded?
无线网络是DPC延迟问题的一个臭名昭著的来源（见上文），蓝牙造成延迟没那么多，但是如果你不使用它，为什么要加载它呢？
- Disable CPU dynamic frequency scaling 禁用CPU动态频率缩放
This is usually a BIOS setting and relates to a feature of most modern CPUs that enables them to slow down their clock to save power. It may be referred to as SpeedStep (Intel) or AMD Cool 'n' Quiet, or PowerNow! etc. Although this can save power, it can also interfere with audio performance.
这通常是一个BIOS设置，涉及到大多数现代CPU的特点，使它们能够减慢时钟以节省电力。它可以被称为SpeedStep（英特尔）或AMD酷“N'”安静，或PowerNow！虽然这可以节省电力，但它也会干扰音频性能。
- Disable ACPI C-States 禁用ACPI C-状态
Within the ACPI specification are several CPU processor states which include states for stopping the CPU clock which can interfere with real time processes such as audio. This will be a BIOS setting and will probably be called something like "Disable CPU Idle State for Power Saving".
在ACPI规范中有几个CPU处理器状态，其中包括停止CPU时钟的状态，这些时钟可以干扰诸如音频之类的实时进程。这将是一个BIOS设置，可能会被称为“Disable CPU Idle State for Power Saving”。
- Isolate your computer from the internet then disable security将您的计算机与Internet隔离，然后禁用安全性
WARNING: Don't disable security if you are connecting to the internet or loading unknown files onto your computer.
警告：如果连接到Internet或将未知文件加载到计算机上，请不要禁用安全性。
Anti-virus software, anti-malware and anti-spyware are highly intrusive and can cause a significant impact on audio performance, particularly if they are set to continuously monitor your system. In an ideal world you wouldn't need them, but the reality is that if you are connecting your PC to the internet, you should not disable them... and you're going to need to connect the PC to the internet to keep its drivers and software up to date. Disable them only after disconnecting from the network. You can also disable the firewall if you are not connected to a network.
防病毒软件、反恶意软件和反间谍软件是高度侵入性的，并且会对音频性能产生重大影响，特别是如果它们被设置成连续监视系统。在一个理想的环境里，你不需要它们，但现实是，如果你正在连接你的PC到互联网，你不应该禁用它们…你需要将PC连接到互联网，以保持其驱动程序和软件的最新。只有在断开网络之后才能禁用它们。如果没有连接到网络，也可以禁用防火墙。
If disconnected from the network, you can also disable Windows Explorer's "Automatically search for network folders and printers". From Windows Explorer → "Tools" → "Folder Options" → "View" and look in the "Advanced Settings" checklist. You can also disable "Offline Files" if you are not using them, still in "Folder Options", go to the "Offline Files" tab and uncheck the "Enable offline files" box.
如果与网络断开连接，还可以禁用Windows资源管理器中的“自动搜索网络文件夹和打印机”。从Windows资源管理器→“工具”→“文件夹选项”的“视图”→查看“高级设置”检查表。您也可以禁用“脱机文件”，如果您不使用它们，仍然在“文件夹选项”，转到“脱机文件”选项卡，并取消“启用脱机文件”框。
- Avoid scheduled tasks (Windows Update, Defrag, backups etc.) 避免任务计划（Windows更新，碎片整理，备份等）
This would be things like software that checks for updates periodically (Windows Update, anti-virus definition updates, program updates etc) or processes that are set to run on a scheduled basis (Disk defragmenters, backups etc.). They will probably attempt to run when it is least convenient (don't they always?) and you may regret it. Programs that check for updates automatically should also provide an option to check manually when it's convenient (Windows Update included).
这将是像软件一样定期检查更新（Windows更新、反病毒定义更新、程序更新等）或设置在预定基础上运行的进程（磁盘碎片整理、备份等）。他们可能会在最不方便的时候尝试跑步（他们不总是这样吗？）你可能会后悔的。检查更新的程序也应该提供一个选项，以便在方便的时候手动检查（包括Windows更新）
Another side to this issue is that you should never run updates just before an important session; you don't know what will break. This is particularly important when recording. Always run your machine in a known state and with known connections. It can be very difficult to know how close your machine is to the limit and just enabling one more plug-in or connecting a memory stick could be all that it takes to cause the processor to run out of time and get a glitch in your audio. Do your updates when you have sufficient time to test them and work around any issues that occur.
这个问题的另一个方面是，你不应该在一个重要的会话之前运行更新，你不知道会发生什么。这在录音时尤为重要。总是以已知的状态和已知的连接运行机器。很难知道你的机器是多么接近极限，只需再启用一个插件或连接一个记忆棒就可以使处理器耗尽时间，并在你的音频中产生故障。当你有足够的时间来测试和处理任何问题时，再做你的更新。
Other Timed Processes: 其他同步进程：
• Check in "Control Panel" → "Scheduled Tasks"
•检查“控制面板”→“任务计划”
• Desktop Cleanup Wizard - by default runs every 60 days. Turn off in "Control Panel" → "Display" → "Desktop" → "Customise Desktop"
•桌面清理向导-默认是每60天。在“控制面板”→“显示”→“桌面”→“自定义桌面”关闭。
• Internet Time Sync: "Control Panel" → "Date and Time" → "Internet Time" (Not all versions. If your computer is on a Windows domain, it may be automatically syncing with the domain controller).
•网络时间同步：“控制面板”→“日期和时间”→“互联网时间”（并非所有版本。如果您的计算机上的Windows域，它可以自动同步与域控制器）。
- Turn off Windows Search / Google Desktop etc 关闭Windows搜索/谷歌桌面等
Windows Search was built in to Windows beginning with Vista and uses disk and processor time while indexing, potentially interfering with audio threads. Prior to this, XP also has an Indexing Service to speed up searches. Other search tools and file organizers that build an index do similar things (including photo library applications etc.). How you disable this will depend on your operating system and the installed search system and is the subject of numerous tutorials on the internet. To disable indexing on a particular drive in Windows, you can right-click on your hard drive in Windows Explorer, go to Properties and uncheck the option to allow the drive to be indexed (terminology varies here with different versions of windows). Even better, you can disable the indexing service from the computer management interface. It's called "Indexing Service" in XP and "Windows Search" in later versions - set to "Disabled" and then stop it.
Windows搜索是从Windows Vista开始的，在索引时使用磁盘和处理器时间，可能会干扰音频线程。在此之前，XP还拥有索引服务以加快搜索速度。其他构建索引的搜索工具和文件组织者会做类似的事情（包括照片库应用程序等）。如何禁用这将取决于您的操作系统和安装的搜索系统，互联网上有这个主题的众多教程。若要禁用Windows中特定驱动器上的索引，可以右键单击Windows资源管理器中的硬盘驱动器，转到属性并取消选中该选项以允许驱动器索引（这里术语与Windows的不同版本不同）。更好的是，可以从计算机管理界面禁用索引服务。它被称为“索引服务”在XP和“Windows搜索”在后来的版本-设置为“禁用”，然后停止它。
- Disable visual effects (Aero etc.) 禁用视觉效果（透明等）
What options are available here will depend on your operating system, but essentially many of the things that make modern computers look nice also make them run slower. The quickest way to fix this in Windows is to go to "Control Panel" → "System" → "Advanced" → "Performance (Settings)" → "Visual Effects " and select the 'Adjust for Best Performance' radio button. This may be a bit extreme and un-necessary depending on your system, and just using a simpler theme may be sufficient. It is primarily the animations that are the problem and disabling them can make a big difference. On the other hand, much of the graphics heavy lifting is handled by the graphics card and you may not notice much difference.
这里有什么选择取决于你的操作系统，但是基本上使现代计算机看起来漂亮的许多东西也使它们运行得更慢。在Windows中修复这一问题的最快方法是进入“控制面板”→“系统”→“高级”→”性能（设置）”→“视觉效果”，并选择“最佳性能调整”单选按钮。这可能有点极端和不必要的取决于你的系统，只使用一个简单的主题就足够了。主要是动画是问题，禁用它们会产生很大的差异。另一方面，大部分的图形重载是由图形卡处理，你可能不会注意到太多的差异。
- Optimize your drives 优化您的驱动器
In addition to making sure your drives are physically fast, there may be some options to make sure you are getting the best of them in your OS. In Windows if you right click on the drives you are using for reading or writing audio to and select "Properties", in the "General" tab, make sure "Compress drive to save disk space" and "Allow Indexing Service to index this disk for fast file searching" are both unchecked. In Vista and later, there will also be an "Enable advanced performance" checkbox in the "Policies" tab. This uses a different caching mechanism and carries an added risk that if there is a power cut while there is data in the cache waiting to be written to disk will get lost unless you have a working battery or UPS backup, but should give some performance gain.
除了确保你的驱动器在物理上是快速的，也可能有一些选项来确保你在你的操作系统中得到最好的。在Windows中，如果您右键单击正在读取或写入音频的驱动器，并选择“属性”，则在“常规”选项卡中，确保“压缩驱动器节省磁盘空间”和“允许索引服务将此磁盘索引为快速文件搜索”均未选中。在Vista和以后，在“策略”选项卡中也会有一个“启用高级性能”复选框。这使用了不同的缓存机制，并增加了一个额外的风险，如果有一个断电，而在缓存中等待写入磁盘的数据将丢失，除非您有工作电池或UPS备份，但应该给出一些性能增益。
For audio PCs it is a good idea to use at least two hard-drives; one for the operating system and a separate drive or drives for the working audio files. This not only gives a speed advantage but there are advantages if you need to rebuild the computer or you want to transfer the audio to a different computer. Remember to back it all up and defrag (don't defrag SSDs).
对于音频PC，使用至少两个硬盘驱动器是一个好主意；一个用于操作系统，另一个用于工作音频文件的驱动器或驱动器。这不仅提供了速度优势，而且如果需要重建计算机或将音频传输到不同的计算机，则有优势。记住把它备份和整理（不要整理SSD）。
If supported, make sure AHCI and NCQ are enabled.
如果支持，确保AHCI和NCQ被启用。
- Increase the buffer size 增加缓冲区尺寸
You can control the buffer delays within the Windows drivers directly, irrespective of what buffering is employed by the particular audio software. It is generally recommended that these buffer delays are set long, in order to provide best stability. However, for the user with a powerful and tightly-optimized setup, who has contained audio processing tasks and needs low latency, the buffer delay can be minimized. For more information, see the manual for your unit. For a detailed discussion specific to Prism Sound Lyra, Titan and Atlas units, see also this technical note on buffer settings in Windows USB drivers.
您可以直接控制Windows驱动程序中的缓冲区延迟，而不管特定音频软件采用什么缓冲。通常建议这些缓冲器延迟设置得长，以便提供最佳的稳定性。然而，对于具有强大且紧密优化的设置的用户，谁已经包含音频处理任务并且需要低延迟，可以最小化缓冲器延迟。有关更多信息，请参见您的单元手册。有关Prism Sound Lyra, Titan and Atlas的详细讨论，请参阅Windows USB驱动程序中关于缓冲区设置的技术说明。
- Bypass the computer hardware where possible在可能的情况下绕过计算机硬件
For foldback and over-dubbing situations, your equipment (e.g., Lyra, Orpheus) may have a mixer capability which can mix the unit's inputs with each output's computer feed in order to build a dedicated monitor mix with extremely low latency. Incoming audio to the mix doesn't have to go in and out of the computer at all - the mix is handled within the unit's hardware itself.
对于监听和配音的情况，您的设备（例如，Lyra，Orpheus）可能具有混音能力，可以将单元的输入与每个输出的计算机馈送混合，以便构建具有极低延迟的专用监视器混合。进入混音的音频根本不需要进入和退出计算机-混音在单位硬件本身内处理。
- Make sure you have enough RAM 请确保您有足够的RAM
Nothing kills a computer's speed quite like running out of memory and having to access the swap file. Making sure you have enough RAM is essential. Don't worry if recent operating systems seem to want to use it all: this is usually a good thing - it means it has loaded the DLLs you are likely to want into memory so they are available fast without having to read them off disk. Unused RAM is wasted RAM - if the system suddenly finds itself needing more it just drops something it has pre-emptively loaded with very little time penalty.
没有什么能像内存耗尽和访问交换文件一样减慢计算机的速度。确保你有足够的RAM是必不可少的。不要担心，如果最近的操作系统似乎都想使用它：这通常是一件好事——这意味着它已经加载了你可能想要进入内存的DLL，这样它们就可以快速地获得，而不必在磁盘上读取它们。未使用的RAM是浪费的RAM -如果系统突然发现自己需要更多的话，它只会丢弃一些它预先加载的非常小的时间损失。
- Set "Processor Scheduling" to "Background Services" 设置“处理器调度”到“后台服务”
This is a Windows setting. It is accessed via "Control Panel" → "System" → "Advanced" → "Performance Settings" → "Advanced" → "Background Services"
这是一个Windows设置。它是通过“控制面板”→“系统”→“高级”→”性能设置”→“高级”→“后台服务”
The reasoning is that setting the processor scheduling to "Background Services" makes the CPU scheduler gives more priority to tasks that are going on in the background (including audio processes such as ASIO) at the expense of foreground threads.
其理由是，将处理器调度设置为“后台服务”使得CPU调度器在后台（包括音频处理，例如ASIO）中花费更多的优先权，而以前台线程为代价。
- Check the computer's power management scheme 检查电脑的电源管理方案
Primarily for laptops running on batteries, Windows can slow the processor to conserve power. For audio, we don't want this. For preference, run with a power supply, but if not, then check that the power scheme allows the processor full rein. "Control Panel" → "Power Options" → "High Performance" (terminology may vary with different versions of Windows). While in here, it's worth making sure the computer can't shut down the hard disks or the monitor.
主要是在电池上运行的笔记本电脑，Windows可以减缓处理器节省电力。对于音频，我们不想要这个。优选地，用电源运行，但如果没有，则检查电源方案允许处理器完全控制。”控制面板“→“电源选项”→“高性能”（术语可能与Windows的不同版本不同）。而在这里，它是为了确保计算机不能关闭硬盘或监视器。
Disable USB Selective Suspend: Windows can selectively suspend USB devices to save power but this can cause problems for USB audio devices. This setting is in "Control Panel" → "Power Options" → Advanced Settings → "USB Settings" → USB Selective Suspend. In XP the same thing is achieved by going to "Device Manager" → "Universal Serial Bus Controllers" and opening the Properties of each "USB Root Hub", going to the "Power Management" tab and turning off the option to "Allow the computer to turn off this device to save power".
禁用USB选择性挂起：Windows可以选择性地暂停USB设备，以节省电力，但这可能会导致问题的USB音频设备。此设置是在“控制面板”→“电源选项”→高级设置→“USB设置”→USB选择性暂停。在XP一样是通过将“设备管理器”→“通用串行总线控制器”打开每个““USB Root Hub”的属性，进入“电源管理”选项卡，关闭“允许计算机关闭该设备以节省电力”的选项来实现同样的目标。
One device known to cause problems with DPC latency is "Microsoft ACPI-Compliant Control Method Battery" which can be disabled in the "Batteries" section in "Device Manager". This can have side effects so best to read up on it first.
一个已知的导致DPC延迟问题的设备是“微软ACPI兼容的控制电池方法”，它可以在“设备管理器”的“电池”部分中被禁用。这可能有副作用，所以最好先阅读它。
- Turn off wireless networking and Bluetooth 关闭无线网络和蓝牙
Wireless networking is a notorious source of problems with DPC latency (see above), Bluetooth not so much so, but if you're not using it, why have it loaded?
无线网络是DPC延迟问题的一个臭名昭著的来源（见上文），蓝牙造成延迟没那么多，但是如果你不使用它，为什么要加载它呢？
- Disable CPU dynamic frequency scaling 禁用CPU动态频率缩放
This is usually a BIOS setting and relates to a feature of most modern CPUs that enables them to slow down their clock to save power. It may be referred to as SpeedStep (Intel) or AMD Cool 'n' Quiet, or PowerNow! etc. Although this can save power, it can also interfere with audio performance.
这通常是一个BIOS设置，涉及到大多数现代CPU的特点，使它们能够减慢时钟以节省电力。它可以被称为SpeedStep（英特尔）或AMD酷“N'”安静，或PowerNow！虽然这可以节省电力，但它也会干扰音频性能。
- Disable ACPI C-States 禁用ACPI C-状态
Within the ACPI specification are several CPU processor states which include states for stopping the CPU clock which can interfere with real time processes such as audio. This will be a BIOS setting and will probably be called something like "Disable CPU Idle State for Power Saving".
在ACPI规范中有几个CPU处理器状态，其中包括停止CPU时钟的状态，这些时钟可以干扰诸如音频之类的实时进程。这将是一个BIOS设置，可能会被称为“Disable CPU Idle State for Power Saving”。
- Isolate your computer from the internet then disable security将您的计算机与Internet隔离，然后禁用安全性
WARNING: Don't disable security if you are connecting to the internet or loading unknown files onto your computer.
警告：如果连接到Internet或将未知文件加载到计算机上，请不要禁用安全性。
Anti-virus software, anti-malware and anti-spyware are highly intrusive and can cause a significant impact on audio performance, particularly if they are set to continuously monitor your system. In an ideal world you wouldn't need them, but the reality is that if you are connecting your PC to the internet, you should not disable them... and you're going to need to connect the PC to the internet to keep its drivers and software up to date. Disable them only after disconnecting from the network. You can also disable the firewall if you are not connected to a network.
防病毒软件、反恶意软件和反间谍软件是高度侵入性的，并且会对音频性能产生重大影响，特别是如果它们被设置成连续监视系统。在一个理想的环境里，你不需要它们，但现实是，如果你正在连接你的PC到互联网，你不应该禁用它们…你需要将PC连接到互联网，以保持其驱动程序和软件的最新。只有在断开网络之后才能禁用它们。如果没有连接到网络，也可以禁用防火墙。
If disconnected from the network, you can also disable Windows Explorer's "Automatically search for network folders and printers". From Windows Explorer → "Tools" → "Folder Options" → "View" and look in the "Advanced Settings" checklist. You can also disable "Offline Files" if you are not using them, still in "Folder Options", go to the "Offline Files" tab and uncheck the "Enable offline files" box.
如果与网络断开连接，还可以禁用Windows资源管理器中的“自动搜索网络文件夹和打印机”。从Windows资源管理器→“工具”→“文件夹选项”的“视图”→查看“高级设置”检查表。您也可以禁用“脱机文件”，如果您不使用它们，仍然在“文件夹选项”，转到“脱机文件”选项卡，并取消“启用脱机文件”框。
- Avoid scheduled tasks (Windows Update, Defrag, backups etc.) 避免任务计划（Windows更新，碎片整理，备份等）
This would be things like software that checks for updates periodically (Windows Update, anti-virus definition updates, program updates etc) or processes that are set to run on a scheduled basis (Disk defragmenters, backups etc.). They will probably attempt to run when it is least convenient (don't they always?) and you may regret it. Programs that check for updates automatically should also provide an option to check manually when it's convenient (Windows Update included).
这将是像软件一样定期检查更新（Windows更新、反病毒定义更新、程序更新等）或设置在预定基础上运行的进程（磁盘碎片整理、备份等）。他们可能会在最不方便的时候尝试跑步（他们不总是这样吗？）你可能会后悔的。检查更新的程序也应该提供一个选项，以便在方便的时候手动检查（包括Windows更新）
Another side to this issue is that you should never run updates just before an important session; you don't know what will break. This is particularly important when recording. Always run your machine in a known state and with known connections. It can be very difficult to know how close your machine is to the limit and just enabling one more plug-in or connecting a memory stick could be all that it takes to cause the processor to run out of time and get a glitch in your audio. Do your updates when you have sufficient time to test them and work around any issues that occur.
这个问题的另一个方面是，你不应该在一个重要的会话之前运行更新，你不知道会发生什么。这在录音时尤为重要。总是以已知的状态和已知的连接运行机器。很难知道你的机器是多么接近极限，只需再启用一个插件或连接一个记忆棒就可以使处理器耗尽时间，并在你的音频中产生故障。当你有足够的时间来测试和处理任何问题时，再做你的更新。
Other Timed Processes: 其他同步进程：
• Check in "Control Panel" → "Scheduled Tasks"
•检查“控制面板”→“任务计划”
• Desktop Cleanup Wizard - by default runs every 60 days. Turn off in "Control Panel" → "Display" → "Desktop" → "Customise Desktop"
•桌面清理向导-默认是每60天。在“控制面板”→“显示”→“桌面”→“自定义桌面”关闭。
• Internet Time Sync: "Control Panel" → "Date and Time" → "Internet Time" (Not all versions. If your computer is on a Windows domain, it may be automatically syncing with the domain controller).
•网络时间同步：“控制面板”→“日期和时间”→“互联网时间”（并非所有版本。如果您的计算机上的Windows域，它可以自动同步与域控制器）。
- Turn off Windows Search / Google Desktop etc 关闭Windows搜索/谷歌桌面等
Windows Search was built in to Windows beginning with Vista and uses disk and processor time while indexing, potentially interfering with audio threads. Prior to this, XP also has an Indexing Service to speed up searches. Other search tools and file organizers that build an index do similar things (including photo library applications etc.). How you disable this will depend on your operating system and the installed search system and is the subject of numerous tutorials on the internet. To disable indexing on a particular drive in Windows, you can right-click on your hard drive in Windows Explorer, go to Properties and uncheck the option to allow the drive to be indexed (terminology varies here with different versions of windows). Even better, you can disable the indexing service from the computer management interface. It's called "Indexing Service" in XP and "Windows Search" in later versions - set to "Disabled" and then stop it.
Windows搜索是从Windows Vista开始的，在索引时使用磁盘和处理器时间，可能会干扰音频线程。在此之前，XP还拥有索引服务以加快搜索速度。其他构建索引的搜索工具和文件组织者会做类似的事情（包括照片库应用程序等）。如何禁用这将取决于您的操作系统和安装的搜索系统，互联网上有这个主题的众多教程。若要禁用Windows中特定驱动器上的索引，可以右键单击Windows资源管理器中的硬盘驱动器，转到属性并取消选中该选项以允许驱动器索引（这里术语与Windows的不同版本不同）。更好的是，可以从计算机管理界面禁用索引服务。它被称为“索引服务”在XP和“Windows搜索”在后来的版本-设置为“禁用”，然后停止它。
- Disable visual effects (Aero etc.) 禁用视觉效果（透明等）
What options are available here will depend on your operating system, but essentially many of the things that make modern computers look nice also make them run slower. The quickest way to fix this in Windows is to go to "Control Panel" → "System" → "Advanced" → "Performance (Settings)" → "Visual Effects " and select the 'Adjust for Best Performance' radio button. This may be a bit extreme and un-necessary depending on your system, and just using a simpler theme may be sufficient. It is primarily the animations that are the problem and disabling them can make a big difference. On the other hand, much of the graphics heavy lifting is handled by the graphics card and you may not notice much difference.
这里有什么选择取决于你的操作系统，但是基本上使现代计算机看起来漂亮的许多东西也使它们运行得更慢。在Windows中修复这一问题的最快方法是进入“控制面板”→“系统”→“高级”→”性能（设置）”→“视觉效果”，并选择“最佳性能调整”单选按钮。这可能有点极端和不必要的取决于你的系统，只使用一个简单的主题就足够了。主要是动画是问题，禁用它们会产生很大的差异。另一方面，大部分的图形重载是由图形卡处理，你可能不会注意到太多的差异。
- Optimize your drives 优化您的驱动器
In addition to making sure your drives are physically fast, there may be some options to make sure you are getting the best of them in your OS. In Windows if you right click on the drives you are using for reading or writing audio to and select "Properties", in the "General" tab, make sure "Compress drive to save disk space" and "Allow Indexing Service to index this disk for fast file searching" are both unchecked. In Vista and later, there will also be an "Enable advanced performance" checkbox in the "Policies" tab. This uses a different caching mechanism and carries an added risk that if there is a power cut while there is data in the cache waiting to be written to disk will get lost unless you have a working battery or UPS backup, but should give some performance gain.
除了确保你的驱动器在物理上是快速的，也可能有一些选项来确保你在你的操作系统中得到最好的。在Windows中，如果您右键单击正在读取或写入音频的驱动器，并选择“属性”，则在“常规”选项卡中，确保“压缩驱动器节省磁盘空间”和“允许索引服务将此磁盘索引为快速文件搜索”均未选中。在Vista和以后，在“策略”选项卡中也会有一个“启用高级性能”复选框。这使用了不同的缓存机制，并增加了一个额外的风险，如果有一个断电，而在缓存中等待写入磁盘的数据将丢失，除非您有工作电池或UPS备份，但应该给出一些性能增益。
For audio PCs it is a good idea to use at least two hard-drives; one for the operating system and a separate drive or drives for the working audio files. This not only gives a speed advantage but there are advantages if you need to rebuild the computer or you want to transfer the audio to a different computer. Remember to back it all up and defrag (don't defrag SSDs).
对于音频PC，使用至少两个硬盘驱动器是一个好主意；一个用于操作系统，另一个用于工作音频文件的驱动器或驱动器。这不仅提供了速度优势，而且如果需要重建计算机或将音频传输到不同的计算机，则有优势。记住把它备份和整理（不要整理SSD）。
If supported, make sure AHCI and NCQ are enabled.
如果支持，确保AHCI和NCQ被启用。
- Disable your screen-saver 禁用屏幕保护程序
Particularly if it is a CPU intensive one! Screen savers were useful for CRT monitors and plasma displays to prevent burn from static images, but, apart from privacy concerns, they have no use on LCD monitors and can be very disruptive to workflow and audio.
特别是如果它是CPU密集型的！屏幕保护程序对于CRT显示器和等离子显示器是有用的，以防止从静态图像烧毁，但是，除了隐私问题，他们在液晶显示器上没有用，并会非常破坏工作流程和音频。
- Watch out for plugins 注意插件
It's fairly obvious that plug-ins use CPU cycles. It may help to disable as many plug-ins as possible during recording and only enable them during editing when the audio is already captured safely to disk.
很明显，插件使用CPU周期。这可能有助于在录制期间禁用尽可能多的插件，并且只有在音频已经被安全地捕获到磁盘时才在编辑期间启用它们。
- Start-up items / system tray / widgets / sidebar 启动项目/系统托盘/小部件/侧边栏
Most new PCs come with a range of little craplets installed that the manufacturers think "add value" but typically are more of a hindrance. There are quite a few tools out there now for removing them automatically. If you have the option, installing the OS from scratch is likely to be better than having to attempt to remove them.
大多数新PC配备了一系列的小吊坠，制造商们认为这是“增值”，但通常更是一个障碍。现在有很多工具可以自动移除它们。如果您有选择，从头开始安装OS可能比尝试删除它们要好。
Bloatware 臃肿软件
Similarly many hardware devices come with disks that install bloated drivers and "free" applications of dubious merit (printers and cameras come to mind). It's often worth attempting to use them without installing the supplied drivers and seeing if Windows can either use its built in drivers or locate appropriate ones.
类似地，许多硬件设备配备了安装臃肿驱动程序的磁盘和“免费”的可疑应用程序（打印机和相机）。在不安装提供的驱动程序和查看Windows是否可以使用内置驱动程序或找到合适的驱动程序的情况下，经常尝试使用它们。
Unwanted start-up items 不必要的启动项
There are also tools for locating and disabling unwanted processes that start up with your computer. This can include software updaters and utilities that you never use. Have a look at Piriform ccleaner, and Autoruns from Sysinternals for a couple of useful tools. Note that these are quite low level tools and it's possible to do quite a bit of damage to your computer if used without care.
也有用于定位和禁用启动计算机的不必要进程的工具。这可以包括从未使用过的软件更新器和实用程序。看看PiiFrase CCleaner，从SysStudies中自动获取一些有用的工具。请注意，这些都是非常低级的工具，如果不小心使用，可能会对计算机造成相当大的损害。
- Keep drivers updated 保持更新的驱动程序
Unfortunately this isn't always the panacea we would hope as the average driver update will not make things quicker and lighter. As a general principle though, if you're having problems, check for driver updates as known issues and bugs should be getting sorted out.
不幸的是，这并不总是我们希望的灵丹妙药，因为普通的驱动更新不会使事情变得更快更轻。作为一个一般原则，如果你有问题，检查驱动程序更新为已知的问题，错误应该得到排序。
- Check for Windows hotfixes 检查Windows补丁
Here are a couple: 这里有一对
• http://support.microsoft.com/kb/981214 - high CPU usage when using a USB audio device
高CPU使用USB音频设备时使用
• http://support.microsoft.com/kb/979612 - TCP loopback and UDP latency
TCP回送和UDP延迟
There may be more. Check that they are applicable before applying them.
可能还有更多。在应用前检查它们是否适用。
- Disable Remote Access 禁用远程访问
If you don't need to make the computer available to be controlled remotely, you can disable it. "Control Panel" → "System" → "Remote (tab)"
如果你不需要让计算机可以被远程控制，您可以禁用它。”控制面板的“→“系统”→“远程（TAB）”
- Disable System Restore 禁用系统还原
While this may be useful, it is a resource hog. If you have other means of recovering your computer in the event of a failure (e.g., drive image etc.) you can disable it from "Control Panel" → "System" →"System Restore".
虽然这可能是有用的，它是一种资源占用。如果你有其他的在发生故障时您的计算机恢复手段（例如，驱动图像等）您可以禁用它从“控制面板”→“系统”→“系统还原”。
- Turn off System Sounds 关闭系统声音
For an audio optimized computer, this is pretty much essential as the computer will otherwise be loading up and playing beeps and bongs which may interfere with your audio. On Windows, go to "Control Panel" → "Sound" and under "Sound Scheme" select "No Sounds".
对于一个音频优化的计算机来说，这是非常重要的，因为计算机将加载或播放哔哔声和梆梆声，这可能会干扰到你的音频。在Windows上，去“控制面板”→“声音”并且在“声音方案”中选择“没有声音”。
There's more though. Windows doesn't even need a sound card to beep at you; it can even beep through a system speaker. There are several levels to stopping it. Have a look at this tutorial on howtogeek.com for details.
还有更多。Windows甚至不需要声卡来向你发出嘟嘟声，它甚至可以通过系统扬声器发出嘟嘟声。有几个层次来阻止它。请看howtogeek.com网站上的教程。
- Stop other programs using your soundcard 停止其他程序使用你的声卡
You may be able to prevent other applications from putting notification beeps etc, through your audio production sound devices by preventing them accessing the driver. Getting at the setting is a bit long winded: You can either go via "Device manager" to the audio device properties, or via "Control Panel". The latter route is: "Control Panel" → "Sounds and Audio Devices" → "Hardware" select your audio interface from the list, "Properties" → "Properties" (this is the tab of the resulting device properties window which is also accessible via Device Manager), expand the "Audio Properties" section of the tree, and click the "Properties" button of this audio device. Here there are two checkboxes of interest "Do not map through this device' and "Do not use audio features on this device".
您可以防止其他应用程序发出通知哔哔等，通过您的音频生产的声音设备，防止他们访问驱动。进入设置有点冗长：你可以通过“设备管理器”到音频设备属性，或者通过“控制面板”。后一条路线是：“控制面板”→“声音和音频设备”→“硬件”选择您的音频接口从列表中，“音频属性”→“属性”（这是通过设备管理器访问的结果设备属性窗口的选项卡），展开“音频属性”部分。在树上，点击这个音频设备的“属性”按钮。这里有两个感兴趣的复选框：“不要通过这个设备映射”和“不要在这个设备上使用音频特征”。
The effect of these checkboxes is not immediately obvious and will depend on the underlying audio architecture you are using. Both checkboxes relate to the device driver: "Do not map through this device" is meant to prevent programs from using the device driver unless they specifically request it. The "Do not use audio features on this device" is intended to prevent programs from using the device driver at all. In the latter case the driver is not removed, but it is not loaded when you start the computer. The somewhat counter-intuitive thing here is that this may not stop the device hardware being accessible to ASIO or DirectSound. Whether another program can access the device will depend on the audio architecture it is using and that will depend on the operating system! A little experimentation with your particular system is probably in order.
这些复选框的效果并不立即明显，这将取决于您正在使用的底层音频架构。两个复选框都与设备驱动程序有关：“不通过这个设备映射”是为了防止程序使用设备驱动程序，除非他们专门请求它。“不要在这个设备上使用音频功能”是为了防止程序完全使用设备驱动程序。在后一种情况下，驱动程序未被移除，但在启动计算机时没有加载。有些反直觉的事情是，这可能无法阻止设备硬件可以访问ASIO或DirectSound。是否另一个程序可以访问设备将取决于它正在使用的音频体系结构，这将取决于操作系统！对你特定系统的一点实验可能是有序的。
- Prevent concurrent users 防止并发用户
Most modern operating systems allow multiple users to use the same computer and share its resources by means of "Fast User Switching" (rather than logging out and logging in again, you can "switch user"). This means that multiple users can be logged into one machine concurrently and share the same resources, including sound.
大多数现代操作系统允许多个用户使用同一台计算机上，通过“快速用户切换”的方式共享资源（而不是注销并再次登录，你可以“切换用户”）。这意味着多个用户可以登录到一台机器同时共享相同的资源，包括声音。
Unless you have a compelling reason for keeping this, it should be disabled. In Windows, from "Control Panel" → "User Accounts" → "Change the way users log on or off" and uncheck "Use Fast User Switching". This option will not be available on computers that are part of a Windows domain.
除非你有一个令人信服的理由，否则它应该被禁用。在Windows中，从“控制面板”→“用户账户”→“更改用户登陆或注销的方式”，取消勾选“使用快速用户切换”。此选项将不在是一个Windows域计算机上使用。
- Remove un-used Windows Components 删除未使用的Windows组件
There are likely to be some components of Windows that are of no use to you and which can be removed. From "Control Panel" → "Add or remove programs" → "Add or remove windows components". Some things you could consider uninstalling:
有可能是没有用的，你可以删除Windows组件。从“控制面板”→“添加或删除程序”→”添加或删除Windows组件”。有些事情你可以考虑卸载：
• Accessibility options•辅助功能选项
• Fax Services•传真服务
• Games•游戏
• IIS•IIS
• Indexing service•索引服务
• Message Queuing•消息队列
• MSN Explorer•MSN Explorer
• Outlook Express•Outlook Express
• Terminal Server•终端服务器
• Update root certificates•更新根证书
• Windows automatic updates•Windows自动更新
• Windows Media Player•Windows媒体播放器
• Windows messenger•Windows Messenger
- Disable Error reporting 禁用错误报告
There are times when you might want error reporting on, but while you are recording is probably not one of them. From "Control Panel" → "System" → "Advanced" → "Error Reporting" select "Disable Error Reporting"
有些时候，你可能想要的错误报告，但当你在记录不可能是他们中的一个。从“控制面板”→“系统”→“高级”→“错误报告”中选择“禁用错误报告”
- Elevate UAC (User Account Control) 提高UAC（用户帐户控制）
Windows Vista and later: This is not turning UAC off, but is bypassing the "Are you sure you want to do this?" type message boxes. Open the "Run" command and type "secpol.msc" to open the "Local Security Policy". Browse through the "Local Policy" to the "Security Policy", Click on the "Security Policy" folder. In the window to the right, Locate "User Account Control: Behaviour of the Elevation prompt for administrators in Admin Approval Mode" and change it to "Elevate without Prompting".
Windows Vista和之后版本：这不是UAC关闭，而是绕过“你确定你想这样做吗？”类型消息框。打开“run”命令并键入“SECPOL.MSC”来打开“本地安全策略”。浏览“本地策略”到“安全策略”，点击“安全策略”文件夹。在右边的窗口中，找到“用户帐户控制：管理员批准模式下的提升提示行为”，并将其更改为“不提示提示”。
- Make sure your BIOS is up to date 让你的BIOS升级
Check with your computer manufacturer's website whether you have the latest BIOS.
检查你的计算机生产商的网站是否你有最后的BIOS。
Particularly if it is a CPU intensive one! Screen savers were useful for CRT monitors and plasma displays to prevent burn from static images, but, apart from privacy concerns, they have no use on LCD monitors and can be very disruptive to workflow and audio.
特别是如果它是CPU密集型的！屏幕保护程序对于CRT显示器和等离子显示器是有用的，以防止从静态图像烧毁，但是，除了隐私问题，他们在液晶显示器上没有用，并会非常破坏工作流程和音频。
- Watch out for plugins 注意插件
It's fairly obvious that plug-ins use CPU cycles. It may help to disable as many plug-ins as possible during recording and only enable them during editing when the audio is already captured safely to disk.
很明显，插件使用CPU周期。这可能有助于在录制期间禁用尽可能多的插件，并且只有在音频已经被安全地捕获到磁盘时才在编辑期间启用它们。
- Start-up items / system tray / widgets / sidebar 启动项目/系统托盘/小部件/侧边栏
Most new PCs come with a range of little craplets installed that the manufacturers think "add value" but typically are more of a hindrance. There are quite a few tools out there now for removing them automatically. If you have the option, installing the OS from scratch is likely to be better than having to attempt to remove them.
大多数新PC配备了一系列的小吊坠，制造商们认为这是“增值”，但通常更是一个障碍。现在有很多工具可以自动移除它们。如果您有选择，从头开始安装OS可能比尝试删除它们要好。
Bloatware 臃肿软件
Similarly many hardware devices come with disks that install bloated drivers and "free" applications of dubious merit (printers and cameras come to mind). It's often worth attempting to use them without installing the supplied drivers and seeing if Windows can either use its built in drivers or locate appropriate ones.
类似地，许多硬件设备配备了安装臃肿驱动程序的磁盘和“免费”的可疑应用程序（打印机和相机）。在不安装提供的驱动程序和查看Windows是否可以使用内置驱动程序或找到合适的驱动程序的情况下，经常尝试使用它们。
Unwanted start-up items 不必要的启动项
There are also tools for locating and disabling unwanted processes that start up with your computer. This can include software updaters and utilities that you never use. Have a look at Piriform ccleaner, and Autoruns from Sysinternals for a couple of useful tools. Note that these are quite low level tools and it's possible to do quite a bit of damage to your computer if used without care.
也有用于定位和禁用启动计算机的不必要进程的工具。这可以包括从未使用过的软件更新器和实用程序。看看PiiFrase CCleaner，从SysStudies中自动获取一些有用的工具。请注意，这些都是非常低级的工具，如果不小心使用，可能会对计算机造成相当大的损害。
- Keep drivers updated 保持更新的驱动程序
Unfortunately this isn't always the panacea we would hope as the average driver update will not make things quicker and lighter. As a general principle though, if you're having problems, check for driver updates as known issues and bugs should be getting sorted out.
不幸的是，这并不总是我们希望的灵丹妙药，因为普通的驱动更新不会使事情变得更快更轻。作为一个一般原则，如果你有问题，检查驱动程序更新为已知的问题，错误应该得到排序。
- Check for Windows hotfixes 检查Windows补丁
Here are a couple: 这里有一对
• http://support.microsoft.com/kb/981214 - high CPU usage when using a USB audio device
高CPU使用USB音频设备时使用
• http://support.microsoft.com/kb/979612 - TCP loopback and UDP latency
TCP回送和UDP延迟
There may be more. Check that they are applicable before applying them.
可能还有更多。在应用前检查它们是否适用。
- Disable Remote Access 禁用远程访问
If you don't need to make the computer available to be controlled remotely, you can disable it. "Control Panel" → "System" → "Remote (tab)"
如果你不需要让计算机可以被远程控制，您可以禁用它。”控制面板的“→“系统”→“远程（TAB）”
- Disable System Restore 禁用系统还原
While this may be useful, it is a resource hog. If you have other means of recovering your computer in the event of a failure (e.g., drive image etc.) you can disable it from "Control Panel" → "System" →"System Restore".
虽然这可能是有用的，它是一种资源占用。如果你有其他的在发生故障时您的计算机恢复手段（例如，驱动图像等）您可以禁用它从“控制面板”→“系统”→“系统还原”。
- Turn off System Sounds 关闭系统声音
For an audio optimized computer, this is pretty much essential as the computer will otherwise be loading up and playing beeps and bongs which may interfere with your audio. On Windows, go to "Control Panel" → "Sound" and under "Sound Scheme" select "No Sounds".
对于一个音频优化的计算机来说，这是非常重要的，因为计算机将加载或播放哔哔声和梆梆声，这可能会干扰到你的音频。在Windows上，去“控制面板”→“声音”并且在“声音方案”中选择“没有声音”。
There's more though. Windows doesn't even need a sound card to beep at you; it can even beep through a system speaker. There are several levels to stopping it. Have a look at this tutorial on howtogeek.com for details.
还有更多。Windows甚至不需要声卡来向你发出嘟嘟声，它甚至可以通过系统扬声器发出嘟嘟声。有几个层次来阻止它。请看howtogeek.com网站上的教程。
- Stop other programs using your soundcard 停止其他程序使用你的声卡
You may be able to prevent other applications from putting notification beeps etc, through your audio production sound devices by preventing them accessing the driver. Getting at the setting is a bit long winded: You can either go via "Device manager" to the audio device properties, or via "Control Panel". The latter route is: "Control Panel" → "Sounds and Audio Devices" → "Hardware" select your audio interface from the list, "Properties" → "Properties" (this is the tab of the resulting device properties window which is also accessible via Device Manager), expand the "Audio Properties" section of the tree, and click the "Properties" button of this audio device. Here there are two checkboxes of interest "Do not map through this device' and "Do not use audio features on this device".
您可以防止其他应用程序发出通知哔哔等，通过您的音频生产的声音设备，防止他们访问驱动。进入设置有点冗长：你可以通过“设备管理器”到音频设备属性，或者通过“控制面板”。后一条路线是：“控制面板”→“声音和音频设备”→“硬件”选择您的音频接口从列表中，“音频属性”→“属性”（这是通过设备管理器访问的结果设备属性窗口的选项卡），展开“音频属性”部分。在树上，点击这个音频设备的“属性”按钮。这里有两个感兴趣的复选框：“不要通过这个设备映射”和“不要在这个设备上使用音频特征”。
The effect of these checkboxes is not immediately obvious and will depend on the underlying audio architecture you are using. Both checkboxes relate to the device driver: "Do not map through this device" is meant to prevent programs from using the device driver unless they specifically request it. The "Do not use audio features on this device" is intended to prevent programs from using the device driver at all. In the latter case the driver is not removed, but it is not loaded when you start the computer. The somewhat counter-intuitive thing here is that this may not stop the device hardware being accessible to ASIO or DirectSound. Whether another program can access the device will depend on the audio architecture it is using and that will depend on the operating system! A little experimentation with your particular system is probably in order.
这些复选框的效果并不立即明显，这将取决于您正在使用的底层音频架构。两个复选框都与设备驱动程序有关：“不通过这个设备映射”是为了防止程序使用设备驱动程序，除非他们专门请求它。“不要在这个设备上使用音频功能”是为了防止程序完全使用设备驱动程序。在后一种情况下，驱动程序未被移除，但在启动计算机时没有加载。有些反直觉的事情是，这可能无法阻止设备硬件可以访问ASIO或DirectSound。是否另一个程序可以访问设备将取决于它正在使用的音频体系结构，这将取决于操作系统！对你特定系统的一点实验可能是有序的。
- Prevent concurrent users 防止并发用户
Most modern operating systems allow multiple users to use the same computer and share its resources by means of "Fast User Switching" (rather than logging out and logging in again, you can "switch user"). This means that multiple users can be logged into one machine concurrently and share the same resources, including sound.
大多数现代操作系统允许多个用户使用同一台计算机上，通过“快速用户切换”的方式共享资源（而不是注销并再次登录，你可以“切换用户”）。这意味着多个用户可以登录到一台机器同时共享相同的资源，包括声音。
Unless you have a compelling reason for keeping this, it should be disabled. In Windows, from "Control Panel" → "User Accounts" → "Change the way users log on or off" and uncheck "Use Fast User Switching". This option will not be available on computers that are part of a Windows domain.
除非你有一个令人信服的理由，否则它应该被禁用。在Windows中，从“控制面板”→“用户账户”→“更改用户登陆或注销的方式”，取消勾选“使用快速用户切换”。此选项将不在是一个Windows域计算机上使用。
- Remove un-used Windows Components 删除未使用的Windows组件
There are likely to be some components of Windows that are of no use to you and which can be removed. From "Control Panel" → "Add or remove programs" → "Add or remove windows components". Some things you could consider uninstalling:
有可能是没有用的，你可以删除Windows组件。从“控制面板”→“添加或删除程序”→”添加或删除Windows组件”。有些事情你可以考虑卸载：
• Accessibility options•辅助功能选项
• Fax Services•传真服务
• Games•游戏
• IIS•IIS
• Indexing service•索引服务
• Message Queuing•消息队列
• MSN Explorer•MSN Explorer
• Outlook Express•Outlook Express
• Terminal Server•终端服务器
• Update root certificates•更新根证书
• Windows automatic updates•Windows自动更新
• Windows Media Player•Windows媒体播放器
• Windows messenger•Windows Messenger
- Disable Error reporting 禁用错误报告
There are times when you might want error reporting on, but while you are recording is probably not one of them. From "Control Panel" → "System" → "Advanced" → "Error Reporting" select "Disable Error Reporting"
有些时候，你可能想要的错误报告，但当你在记录不可能是他们中的一个。从“控制面板”→“系统”→“高级”→“错误报告”中选择“禁用错误报告”
- Elevate UAC (User Account Control) 提高UAC（用户帐户控制）
Windows Vista and later: This is not turning UAC off, but is bypassing the "Are you sure you want to do this?" type message boxes. Open the "Run" command and type "secpol.msc" to open the "Local Security Policy". Browse through the "Local Policy" to the "Security Policy", Click on the "Security Policy" folder. In the window to the right, Locate "User Account Control: Behaviour of the Elevation prompt for administrators in Admin Approval Mode" and change it to "Elevate without Prompting".
Windows Vista和之后版本：这不是UAC关闭，而是绕过“你确定你想这样做吗？”类型消息框。打开“run”命令并键入“SECPOL.MSC”来打开“本地安全策略”。浏览“本地策略”到“安全策略”，点击“安全策略”文件夹。在右边的窗口中，找到“用户帐户控制：管理员批准模式下的提升提示行为”，并将其更改为“不提示提示”。
- Make sure your BIOS is up to date 让你的BIOS升级
Check with your computer manufacturer's website whether you have the latest BIOS.
检查你的计算机生产商的网站是否你有最后的BIOS。
