- 第 3 页 -
解释一下麦克风的功能开关：
通常电容传声器都带有低频衰减开关和灵敏度衰减开关，对于多指向性麦克风还带有指向性选择开关。
低频衰减开关的作用是为了消除近距离使用产生的低频提升。当你感觉低频过多导致低音混浊时，衰减75Hz以下的低频。什么，还不行？那就衰减150Hz以下的低频。
据说使用麦克风的低频衰减开关和使用调音台的低频衰减开关得到的效果不同，这可能就是大部分电容传声器都带有低频衰减开关的原因。
灵敏度衰减开关的作用是，当高声压级的信号作用在膜片上时，防止电容传声器的前置放大器过载（削波）。这个开关的作用相当重要，因为如果电容传声器的前置放大器过载了，后面是无法补救的。
什么，你说你在家里录音，环境不好不能用电容麦克风？没关系，用灵敏度衰减开关将灵敏度降下来就可以了。
通常电容传声器都带有低频衰减开关和灵敏度衰减开关，对于多指向性麦克风还带有指向性选择开关。
低频衰减开关的作用是为了消除近距离使用产生的低频提升。当你感觉低频过多导致低音混浊时，衰减75Hz以下的低频。什么，还不行？那就衰减150Hz以下的低频。
据说使用麦克风的低频衰减开关和使用调音台的低频衰减开关得到的效果不同，这可能就是大部分电容传声器都带有低频衰减开关的原因。
灵敏度衰减开关的作用是，当高声压级的信号作用在膜片上时，防止电容传声器的前置放大器过载（削波）。这个开关的作用相当重要，因为如果电容传声器的前置放大器过载了，后面是无法补救的。
什么，你说你在家里录音，环境不好不能用电容麦克风？没关系，用灵敏度衰减开关将灵敏度降下来就可以了。
大膜片极头分中心电极引出和边缘电极引出两种，典型代表是U87和414。如果你建立起一个数学模型你会发现，两种膜片的边界条件不同，振动方程的解也不一样。所以我们听起来，U87明亮，414丰满。
个人认为，U87 较适合男声而414较适合女声，但我还是更喜欢414。
早期的极头绝缘性能不是太好。这就带来一个严重的问题――潮湿问题。当湿度大时，极头的绝缘性能急剧下降，使麦克风噪声增大，灵敏度降低，严重的干脆罢工了。
现代的极头已经不存在这个问题了。当然这只是个人意见。
其实现代的电容传声器并不像一些朋友想象的那么娇气。当然，挺贵的东西，作一些防护措施对延长麦克风的寿命还是有好处的。
膜片和声路结构对极头至关重要。
膜片的材料通常都是用高聚合物薄膜，表面被金。我这里说的金，是真正意义的纯金而不是做首饰的K金。至于为什么用黄金而不用其它金属，在业界现在已经没有人再争论这个问题了。
极头的声学结构保证了我们能得到想要的频率响应。
电容传声器的客观指标主要由极头决定，而主观指标（音色）并不仅仅决定于极头，还和前置放大器有关。
个人认为，U87 较适合男声而414较适合女声，但我还是更喜欢414。
早期的极头绝缘性能不是太好。这就带来一个严重的问题――潮湿问题。当湿度大时，极头的绝缘性能急剧下降，使麦克风噪声增大，灵敏度降低，严重的干脆罢工了。
现代的极头已经不存在这个问题了。当然这只是个人意见。
其实现代的电容传声器并不像一些朋友想象的那么娇气。当然，挺贵的东西，作一些防护措施对延长麦克风的寿命还是有好处的。
膜片和声路结构对极头至关重要。
膜片的材料通常都是用高聚合物薄膜，表面被金。我这里说的金，是真正意义的纯金而不是做首饰的K金。至于为什么用黄金而不用其它金属，在业界现在已经没有人再争论这个问题了。
极头的声学结构保证了我们能得到想要的频率响应。
电容传声器的客观指标主要由极头决定，而主观指标（音色）并不仅仅决定于极头，还和前置放大器有关。
2）
前置放大器
经常有朋友比较各种牌号麦克风的音色差异。我想强调一点，不同类型的麦克风音色差异很大，没有可比性。如果要比较的话，应该同类型的麦克风互相比较。
从极头来区分，有中心电极引出和边缘电极引出两种，音色不同。
从前置放大器来区分，可分为无变压器，有变压器和电子管三种（当然电子管的，你也可以再细分为无变压器和有变压器两种）。音色差异也很大。
你还记得第一次听CD的感受吗？我的印象深刻，可以用“震撼”二字来形容。记忆中是1983年秋天在民族宫礼堂，菲利普公司来华演示CD机。第一次听到如此干净，层次分明的声音，简直是目瞪口呆。可是慢慢品味，总觉得缺了些水分。后来习惯了也就不觉得了。可是胆机的流行和这有关吗？知道的朋友教我。
声明一下，本人不懂音乐，没有乐感。本文中对于音质的一些看法纯属个人观点。
电容传声器的最大优点是瞬态响应特别优秀，而无变压器麦克风将这一特点发挥到了极致。声音干净透彻，层次分明。就像CD的特点一样。
物极必反，瞬态特性同时也是它的缺点。想加点水分？好吧，加个变压器。我们可以充分利用变压器在低频段的谐波失真和瞬态失真使声音变得温暖一些。什么？还不够？好办，用电子管。知道了吗？管麦和胆机都是利用了电子管的低频瞬态失真使声音变得温暖。
如果让我来比喻的话，我将电子管麦克风、变压器麦克风和无变压器麦克风比作胶木唱片，录音带和CD。
你觉得管麦太贵？没关系，普通麦加个电子管话放。虽然味道不完全一样，可是价廉物美啊！
前置放大器
经常有朋友比较各种牌号麦克风的音色差异。我想强调一点，不同类型的麦克风音色差异很大，没有可比性。如果要比较的话，应该同类型的麦克风互相比较。
从极头来区分，有中心电极引出和边缘电极引出两种，音色不同。
从前置放大器来区分，可分为无变压器，有变压器和电子管三种（当然电子管的，你也可以再细分为无变压器和有变压器两种）。音色差异也很大。
你还记得第一次听CD的感受吗？我的印象深刻，可以用“震撼”二字来形容。记忆中是1983年秋天在民族宫礼堂，菲利普公司来华演示CD机。第一次听到如此干净，层次分明的声音，简直是目瞪口呆。可是慢慢品味，总觉得缺了些水分。后来习惯了也就不觉得了。可是胆机的流行和这有关吗？知道的朋友教我。
声明一下，本人不懂音乐，没有乐感。本文中对于音质的一些看法纯属个人观点。
电容传声器的最大优点是瞬态响应特别优秀，而无变压器麦克风将这一特点发挥到了极致。声音干净透彻，层次分明。就像CD的特点一样。
物极必反，瞬态特性同时也是它的缺点。想加点水分？好吧，加个变压器。我们可以充分利用变压器在低频段的谐波失真和瞬态失真使声音变得温暖一些。什么？还不够？好办，用电子管。知道了吗？管麦和胆机都是利用了电子管的低频瞬态失真使声音变得温暖。
如果让我来比喻的话，我将电子管麦克风、变压器麦克风和无变压器麦克风比作胶木唱片，录音带和CD。
你觉得管麦太贵？没关系，普通麦加个电子管话放。虽然味道不完全一样，可是价廉物美啊！
中心引出的极头,NEUMANN的U87系列和U47FET完全不同，U47FET声音薄好多，也是同类中心引出的。另外MG的结构更是奇怪，大震膜中心引出，但是边不知道怎么固定的。http://www.gefell-mics.com/gefell_history_1.htm
当年的797话筒好便宜哦：
A copy of this is in the Hot Deals Forum:
OK guys, there's some highly controvercial stuff going on in the rec.audio.pro newsgroup right now regarding a company in Beijing, China called 797 Audio. The site is: www.797audio.com (http://www.797audio.com)
Here are some of the quotes from the group:
"Some further info on the company- looks legit. check out this site: http://www.globalsources.com/MAGAZINE/EC/9911/MPHONE01.HTM
according to this, Beijing 797 Audio sells in the UK!"
They have no US Distributor at this time, so they must be ordered direct from the company.
Here's n e-mail response from the comany to one of the group members:
"Dear sir.
thanks for you interesting in our products. Here is the price of some of our microphones.(FOB Beijing, USD).
CR998 $300.00 include all standard accessories .
CR3000 $80.00 include all standard accessories .
CR414 $130.00 include all standard accessories .
CR100 $220.00 include all standard accessories .
CR616 $100.00 Include shock mount .
CR1-78 $120.00 include windscreen .
CR722 $100.00 include windscreen and LJ-12A .
CR628 $80.00 include LJ-12A .
CR1-4 $80.00 include LJ-12.
CR523 $ 80.00 include LJ-12B .
Aluminum carrying case: 30.00USD
If the quantity you need is large, the price will be lower.
CD-58 $ 15.00 Min.Quantity. 100 pcs
CD-14L $ 10.00 Min.Q. 100 pcs
CD-22L $ 6.00 Min.Q. 100 pcs.
CD-24L $ 6.00 Min.Q. 100 pcs
CDK404 $ 7.00 Min.Q. 100 pcs.
you can tell me which and how many you need.
I will tell our export dep. to contact to you for the payment.
If you have any question, please ask me without hesitation.
maybe you can take a look at our OEM products:
ADK(www.adk.cc):A51TT,A51TC.
Marshall(www.mars-cam.com):MXL2003, MXL600, V77.
PMI(www.pmiaudio.com): BPM microphones:CR-10, CR95, TB-95etc.
RODE(www.event1.com):NT2.
some of these microphones are our OEM microphones.
Best Regards
Ma Jiulong/chief engineer of 797 audio. <A HREF="http://www.797audio.com"" TARGET=_blank>http://www.797audio.com"</A>
Of course, they don't specificly say which are their OEM microphones.
<<"Customs would be so-oooo interested if <<these thangs ever hit our shores, no? <<Highly illegal is my guess, but it might be <<worth the trip over there to have a look."
"Not really. As long as it says "Made in China" on it, they really don't care. I rather doubt that anyone could get Customs to enforce a trademark dispute like they used to for the American importers of Neumann and Nikon."
<<"The "history section" of their web site <<indicates that the company was set up in <<1956 by the Germans- seriously doubt the <<West variety. If so, could the East German <<group of Neumann have granted licenses to <<build these lil puppies???? Maybe not as <<illegal as they look after all. But then <<again there are what look to be the AKG <<knock-offs. Nothing mentioned about Vienna <<in their "History" :)"
"Right. They had some training from what is now Microtech Gefell, courtesy of the USSR's effort to get into and control all the relevant technologies in China, but after 1960-61 when all this stopped, they went on to develop their own designs. I have a pair of their first effort, the CR-1-1, (CR are the initials for the pinyin phoneticization of the characters for condenser microphone) which are omni-cardioid switchable, dual-diaphragm mics somewhat like a cross between an 87 and a KM56. The capsule is unlike any other design I've seen. Since the 1980's though they have been pressured by a lot of western marketeers to make Neumann knockoffs, and, well, to be rich is glorious.
797 is the 797 Factory of the Ministry of Electronics Industry, and is located on the outskirts of Beijing. I first visited there in 1985, it's an interesting place. They also make loudspeakers (columns and big reflex bins) including Altec A7 copies, all the way down to clock radio speakers. Some of the Chinese mics sold abroad come from there, but you have to make the deal with them directly. The majority of the 87-ish clones come from a factory in Shanghai due to the fact that there's an alumnus of the Shanghai factory living in L. A. who actively promotes sales of their mics. --
David Josephson / Josephson Engineering / San Jose CA /
david@josephson.com"
Check-out the Josephson Engineering site at: www.josephson.com (http://www.josephson.com)
>>"Robin,have you used one of these yet? Possible even a/bd it to a Nuemann?
>>Thanks,
>>Mark"
"Mark, you're missing the point. So what if it doesn't sound like a multi-pattern Neumann? Who cares? You put up this big ass mic, with multi-patterns for 3 bills and let people sing into it. It probably sounds ok, it has a tube in it, it's big, it's multi-pattern, and it's only $300. Singers will get off on it, and you'll eventually find a pattern that works for the singer. Think of it as nine more crayons for your crayola box. It may look like an old Neumann long body, but it ain't. Very few mics are.
Harvey Gerst
Indian Trail Recording Studio <A HREF="http://www.ITRstudio.com/"" TARGET=_blank>http://www.ITRstudio.com/"</A>
Anyway, a group of us from the newsgroup are trying to get enough people together to purchase CR998s (tube) for $300US + $50US each for shipping. Because at that price, a min. of 10 must be purchased. Although, I heard a rumor that they're backordered by about 7 months. That's fine with me though, I'll still be around.
I figure it's cheap enough that if I don't like it, I can probably easily sell it for at least what I paid for it.
So if anyone's interested, contact Robin by e-mail at:
julirob@jps.net
A copy of this is in the Hot Deals Forum:
OK guys, there's some highly controvercial stuff going on in the rec.audio.pro newsgroup right now regarding a company in Beijing, China called 797 Audio. The site is: www.797audio.com (http://www.797audio.com)
Here are some of the quotes from the group:
"Some further info on the company- looks legit. check out this site: http://www.globalsources.com/MAGAZINE/EC/9911/MPHONE01.HTM
according to this, Beijing 797 Audio sells in the UK!"
They have no US Distributor at this time, so they must be ordered direct from the company.
Here's n e-mail response from the comany to one of the group members:
"Dear sir.
thanks for you interesting in our products. Here is the price of some of our microphones.(FOB Beijing, USD).
CR998 $300.00 include all standard accessories .
CR3000 $80.00 include all standard accessories .
CR414 $130.00 include all standard accessories .
CR100 $220.00 include all standard accessories .
CR616 $100.00 Include shock mount .
CR1-78 $120.00 include windscreen .
CR722 $100.00 include windscreen and LJ-12A .
CR628 $80.00 include LJ-12A .
CR1-4 $80.00 include LJ-12.
CR523 $ 80.00 include LJ-12B .
Aluminum carrying case: 30.00USD
If the quantity you need is large, the price will be lower.
CD-58 $ 15.00 Min.Quantity. 100 pcs
CD-14L $ 10.00 Min.Q. 100 pcs
CD-22L $ 6.00 Min.Q. 100 pcs.
CD-24L $ 6.00 Min.Q. 100 pcs
CDK404 $ 7.00 Min.Q. 100 pcs.
you can tell me which and how many you need.
I will tell our export dep. to contact to you for the payment.
If you have any question, please ask me without hesitation.
maybe you can take a look at our OEM products:
ADK(www.adk.cc):A51TT,A51TC.
Marshall(www.mars-cam.com):MXL2003, MXL600, V77.
PMI(www.pmiaudio.com): BPM microphones:CR-10, CR95, TB-95etc.
RODE(www.event1.com):NT2.
some of these microphones are our OEM microphones.
Best Regards
Ma Jiulong/chief engineer of 797 audio. <A HREF="http://www.797audio.com"" TARGET=_blank>http://www.797audio.com"</A>
Of course, they don't specificly say which are their OEM microphones.
<<"Customs would be so-oooo interested if <<these thangs ever hit our shores, no? <<Highly illegal is my guess, but it might be <<worth the trip over there to have a look."
"Not really. As long as it says "Made in China" on it, they really don't care. I rather doubt that anyone could get Customs to enforce a trademark dispute like they used to for the American importers of Neumann and Nikon."
<<"The "history section" of their web site <<indicates that the company was set up in <<1956 by the Germans- seriously doubt the <<West variety. If so, could the East German <<group of Neumann have granted licenses to <<build these lil puppies???? Maybe not as <<illegal as they look after all. But then <<again there are what look to be the AKG <<knock-offs. Nothing mentioned about Vienna <<in their "History" :)"
"Right. They had some training from what is now Microtech Gefell, courtesy of the USSR's effort to get into and control all the relevant technologies in China, but after 1960-61 when all this stopped, they went on to develop their own designs. I have a pair of their first effort, the CR-1-1, (CR are the initials for the pinyin phoneticization of the characters for condenser microphone) which are omni-cardioid switchable, dual-diaphragm mics somewhat like a cross between an 87 and a KM56. The capsule is unlike any other design I've seen. Since the 1980's though they have been pressured by a lot of western marketeers to make Neumann knockoffs, and, well, to be rich is glorious.
797 is the 797 Factory of the Ministry of Electronics Industry, and is located on the outskirts of Beijing. I first visited there in 1985, it's an interesting place. They also make loudspeakers (columns and big reflex bins) including Altec A7 copies, all the way down to clock radio speakers. Some of the Chinese mics sold abroad come from there, but you have to make the deal with them directly. The majority of the 87-ish clones come from a factory in Shanghai due to the fact that there's an alumnus of the Shanghai factory living in L. A. who actively promotes sales of their mics. --
David Josephson / Josephson Engineering / San Jose CA /
david@josephson.com"
Check-out the Josephson Engineering site at: www.josephson.com (http://www.josephson.com)
>>"Robin,have you used one of these yet? Possible even a/bd it to a Nuemann?
>>Thanks,
>>Mark"
"Mark, you're missing the point. So what if it doesn't sound like a multi-pattern Neumann? Who cares? You put up this big ass mic, with multi-patterns for 3 bills and let people sing into it. It probably sounds ok, it has a tube in it, it's big, it's multi-pattern, and it's only $300. Singers will get off on it, and you'll eventually find a pattern that works for the singer. Think of it as nine more crayons for your crayola box. It may look like an old Neumann long body, but it ain't. Very few mics are.
Harvey Gerst
Indian Trail Recording Studio <A HREF="http://www.ITRstudio.com/"" TARGET=_blank>http://www.ITRstudio.com/"</A>
Anyway, a group of us from the newsgroup are trying to get enough people together to purchase CR998s (tube) for $300US + $50US each for shipping. Because at that price, a min. of 10 must be purchased. Although, I heard a rumor that they're backordered by about 7 months. That's fine with me though, I'll still be around.
I figure it's cheap enough that if I don't like it, I can probably easily sell it for at least what I paid for it.
So if anyone's interested, contact Robin by e-mail at:
julirob@jps.net
原帖由 AQR 于 07-5-30 12:18 发表
中心引出的极头,NEUMANN的U87系列和U47FET完全不同，U47FET声音薄好多，也是同类中心引出的。另外MG的结构更是奇怪，大震膜中心引出，但是边不知道怎么固定的。http://www.gefell-mics.com/gefell_history_1.htm
47和87声路不同。在西方更多的人喜欢47，他们认为87有些'harsh'。
你引用的电容麦可能是零售价，真实的价格你简直不敢相信。举个例子，如果美国市场价格是USD100，那么FOB价格是USD20～30。这是惯例，否则销售商就无利可图了。因为1/3是盈亏的平衡点，搞外销的人都知道。
该动身去北京了。
414系列生产很长时间了，比较早期的有EB,ULS。EB是70年代比较标准型的414，镍色外壳镍色和黑色网ULS是80年代初为所谓数字录音设计的“超级动态”系列的话筒（同时期包括CK6?和C460系列的模块话筒）黑色外壳镍色网，EB和ULS的区别是灵敏度和动态范围有差异，主要是放大器部分不同，此外P48供电电流也是不同的。
在80年代末出现了TL2是414的无变压器版本（TL一代没见过）,声音最大的特点是夸张了所谓“大震膜特点声”中高频提得很厉害，有点像U87AI的感觉。黑外壳金网。
B-XL系列是新出的系列，极头支架和PCB全部从新设计和传统差异很大。具体声音不知道，因为没买过用过。
在80年代末出现了TL2是414的无变压器版本（TL一代没见过）,声音最大的特点是夸张了所谓“大震膜特点声”中高频提得很厉害，有点像U87AI的感觉。黑外壳金网。
B-XL系列是新出的系列，极头支架和PCB全部从新设计和传统差异很大。具体声音不知道，因为没买过用过。