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In its purest form, rock 'n' roll has three chords forming the 12 bar blues progression, a strong backbeat and a catchy melody. Early
rock 'n' roll drew from a variety of sources, primarily blues, R&B and country, as well as gospel, traditional pop, jazz, and folk. All of these influences, combined in a simple blues-based song structure that was fast and danceable, make up the traditional sound of rock 'n' roll.


The music: 12 bar blues over a walking bass and up-tempo 'backbeat' drums.
The lyrics: simple and catchy, themed around love, loss of love and teenage rebellion.
The guitar solo: pentatonic/ blues based flurries, usually not much longer than a few bars with lots of repeating patterns.
The equipment: Gibson 335's and ES175's, Vox amps, Gretch guitars, Double bass.
The image: Brylceam, suits, Teddy Boys.
The bands: Chuck Berry, Elvis Presley, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis, Buddy Holly, Bo Diddley, Bill Haley, Gene Vincent, the Everly Brothers and Carl Perkins.

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In its purest form, rock 'n' roll has three chords forming the 12 bar blues progression, a strong backbeat and a catchy melody. Early rock 'n' roll drew from a variety of sources, primarily blues, R&B and country, as well as gospel, traditional pop, jazz, and folk. All of these influences, combined in a simple blues-based song structure that was fast and danceable, make up the traditional sound of rock 'n' roll.


The music: 12 bar blues over a walking bass and up-tempo 'backbeat' drums.
The lyrics: simple and catchy, themed around love, loss of love and teenage rebellion.
The guitar solo: pentatonic/ blues based flurries, usually not much longer than a few bars with lots of repeating patterns.
The equipment: Gibson 335's and ES175's, Vox amps, Gretch guitars, Double bass.
The image: Brylceam, suits, Teddy Boys.
The bands: Chuck Berry, Elvis Presley, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis, Buddy Holly, Bo Diddley, Bill Haley, Gene Vincent, the Everly Brothers and Carl Perkins.

Black Sabbath claimed this term was first used by a reporter who described the sound of their band as being like 'heavy metal in your ears'. Using the maximum amount of distortion available, the fastest guitar solos, the loudest settings and the fastest rhythms, heavy metal is extreme in both sound and image. It uses a more discordant sound than traditional rock with a huge emphasis placed of heavy repetitive riffs. The rhythmic palm mute used with these discordant riffs creates an oppressive, manic image and feel that characterises heavy metal music. Lyrics delve into death, Satan, the occult and the strange, with the music being created to back up this image. Because of the more extreme nature of the music, guitar playing was developed to new levels of ability in a race to play faster, louder and weirder than the next person. The whammy bar was employed to a great extent in metal music, as were guitar effects, which guitarists used to create other worldly noises, screaming special effects and deathly growls.


The Music: discordant, extremely distorted, screaming vocals, riff orientated, complicated song structures and amazing levels of technical ability.
The Lyrics: death, occult, the supernatural, sex, social breakdown.
The Guitar Solo: very long, very fast, technically difficult, whammy dives, loads of harmonised lead, use of diatonic harmony modes and scales.
The Equipment: Ibanez/ BC Rich/ ESP/ spiky guitars with tremolos, Marshal Amps, loads of effects, massive drum kits, huge bass amps.
The Image: none-more-black, leather, chains, jewellery, very long hair, patches, studs and badges on jackets, gloom, doom and social demise.
The Bands: Black Sabbath, Iron Maiden, Judas Priest, Wasp, Metallica, Megadeth.

A term used to describe bands that play within the more 'original' or 'traditional' styles of rock. It is currently applied to rock bands that were popular between 1967 and 1980. Classic Rock can also be used to further stereotype traditional rock 'values': long hair, long guitar solos, long epic songs, wild lifestyle, and an extravagant, sometimes theatrical image.

Originally a term used to describe 'Independent Music' released outside of the mainstream record labels. Now it is used to describe pop rock, or anything vaguely resembling the The Stone Roses and Oasis. Indie bands possess the same DIY spirit as punk but with a more street trendy image and a softer sound. Guitar based, the sound of indie can range from the jangley lead-based backings of John Squire (The Stone Roses) to the wall of sound strummed open chords of the The Charlatans and Oasis. Based around melody more than the riffs and hard edge of traditional rock, indie has produced some great pop songs and some great guitar solos. The sound has been influenced greatly by dance music as well as the psychedelic bands of the 60's, with indie bands using a wide variety of effects pedals.


The Music: melodic, psychedelic, loud, song orientated.
The Lyrics: lots of attitude reflecting misunderstood youth, dissatisfaction with life and a general feeling that you should be able do what ever you want.
The Guitar Solo: melodic solos using the major and minor pentatonic scale.
The Equipment: Epiphone 335's, Gibson Les Pauls, Marshal Stacks, Wah Wah pedals, loads of effects.
The Image: hooded coats, designer trousers and shoes, 'curtains' hair cuts, sun hats, sun glasses.
The Bands: The Stone Roses, Happy Mondays, Oasis, Blur, Cast, Blue Tones, Super Furry Animals, Primal Scream, Ash.

Jazz has been called America's classical music, and for good reason. Along with the blues, its forefather, it is one of the first truly indigenous types of music to develop in America. Yet its unpredictable, risky ventures into improvisation gave it the critical cache with scholars that the blues lacked. At the outset, jazz was dance music performed by swinging big bands. However, the dance elements soon faded into the background and improvisation became the key essence of the music. As the genre evolved, the music split into a number of different styles, from the speedy, hard-hitting rhythms of be-bop and the laid-back, mellow harmonies of cool jazz to the jittery, atonal forays of free jazz and the earthy grooves of soul jazz. What tied it all together was a foundation in the blues, a reliance on group interplay and unpredictable improvisation. Throughout the years, and in all the different styles, those are the qualities that defined jazz.


The Music: communal spirit between musicians; fat warm sound; solos-duos-trios-quartets-quintets-big band…you name it; luscious harmonies; contrapuntal, modal, and often mellow improvisation; soothing vocals; lots of solos in the round; often complicated song structures; and, staggering technical ability.
The Lyrics: most topics including altered reality (not necessarily drug induced) such as falling in and out of love. The lyrical content is sometimes not as important as the musical content.
The Guitar Solo: beautiful sweeping melodies turning into free style improvisation; technically demanding, stretching the player to their maximum; an emphasis on the vocal like quality of solos; a huge contrast in dynamics and rhythm; technically difficult; blinding ability to use various modes/atonal harmonies; the apparent ability to hear the notes before they are played!
The Equipment: guild semi acoustics; valve amps; wash of reverb; sexy sax; brushed snare and cymbals; mellow piano; double bass and just about every combination of instruments imaginable.
The Image: cool, shades, walk with a shuffle, café bars, cappuccino, laid back, the feeling that 'surely music cannot evolve any further than this!'
The bands: Alan Holdsworth, Martin Taylor, Bill Bruford, Nat King Cole, Duke Ellington, Ella Fitzgerald, Wes Montgomery, Charlie Parker

Pop music is a generic term meaning popular music. In the past it was used to describe the most popular music of the day. However, because of the diverse nature of the music industry today, it is usually used to describe chart music. Chart music could therefore be seen as the modern pop music as it indicates which songs from the many diverse styles of music available, are the most popular in terms of record sales. In the traditional sense pop music is listener friendly with a 3-minute verse-bridge-happy-chorus format. Lyrically pop songs are usually easy to understand, catchy and relating to issues common to the majority of people. Band images are clean, pretty and attractive to a younger audience. Pop music usually uses a clean sound with no distortion on the guitars, lots of keyboards, and danceable drum beats. To sum up pop music we could say that it is commercial mainstream music intended for consumption by a wide audience.


The Music: catchy, melodic, song orientated, light, mainstream.
The Lyrics: light, catchy, easy to relate to, easy to remember, love, lost love, aspirations.
The Guitar: usually non-intrusive acting as a melodic accompaniment to the vocals.
The Equipment: very wide range of gear, the most popular being Fender/Gibson guitars and Fender/Marshal/Vox amps.
The Image: clean, pretty, sexy, trendy, keeping up with and inspiring new fashions and trends.
The Bands: The Beatles, The Bee Gees, The Animals, Donovan, Cliff Richard, Lulu, Neil Diamond, Elton John, Bros, Backstreet Boys, Britney Spears, Madonna, Prince.

Soul music was the result of the urbanization and commercialisation of rhythm and blues in the '60s. Soul music made it's way north, east and west via the same train routes that carried rural black workers from their homes in the south to the industrial north. As these 'Blues People' made their way north, the music that they brought with them fused with the sophisticated urban sounds of jazz to create the sound called rhythm & blues. As this music, known as R&B, began to gain acceptance among white people, it became split artificially and became known as 'rock 'n' roll' (for whites only) and soul (for blacks only). During the first part of the '60s, soul music remained close to its R&B roots. However, musicians pushed the music in different directions; usually, different regions of America produced different kinds of soul. In urban centres like New York, Philadelphia, and Chicago, the music concentrated on vocal interplay and smooth productions. In Detroit, Motown concentrated on creating a pop-oriented sound that was informed equally by gospel, R&B, and rock 'n' roll.

The Music: extremely varied styles but most with strong R&B roots, lots of brass instruments, and powerful vocal performances.
The Lyrics: catchy and lyrical, love love love, you done me wrong, you do me right.
The Guitar: mainly an accompanying role, occasional funky riff.
The Equipment: lots of brass instruments, vocal harmonies and backing singers.
The Image: casual, meaningful stance, good dancers, all-nighters in Wigan Casino's.
The Bands: James Brown, Marvin Gaye, Smokey Robinson, Aretha Franklin, The Supremes, Otis Redding, Ray Charles.

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